What is allergic rhinitis?
Allergic rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal lining caused by an IgE-driven immune response to allergens. It's very common worldwide, often travels with asthma and eye allergies, and can hurt sleep and productivity at school or work (Bousquet et al., 2020).
This article is general health information and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment. If symptoms persist, see a doctor.
How can you tell allergies from a cold?
| Allergic rhinitis | Common cold | |
|---|---|---|
| Mucus | Clear and watery | Gets thicker over time |
| Itching | Itchy nose, eyes and palate are common | Rare |
| Fever and aches | None | Possible |
| Duration | As long as you're exposed; returns seasonally | Better in 7–10 days |
Symptoms that flare in spring or fall point to pollen; year-round symptoms that are worst in the morning suggest dust mites. Skin-prick or blood tests can identify the trigger.
How is it treated?
The 2023 international consensus (Wise et al., 2023) names steroid nasal sprays the most effective first-line treatment for moderate to severe symptoms, and non-drowsy second-generation antihistamines are widely used. Over-the-counter decongestant sprays can cause rebound congestion if used for more than a few days. When the trigger is clear and medications aren't enough, allergen immunotherapy over several years can change the immune response. Washing bedding in hot water and keeping humidity in check also help.
FAQ
- Is it OK to use a nasal spray every day?
- Steroid nasal sprays are generally safe for long-term use, but decongestant sprays shouldn't be used for more than 3–5 days. Check the active ingredient.
- Can allergic rhinitis be cured?
- Medications control symptoms; immunotherapy taken consistently for years can provide longer-lasting relief.
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-25
References
- Bousquet, J., Anto, J. M., Bachert, C., et al. (2020). Allergic rhinitis. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 6, 95.
- Wise, S. K., Damask, C., Roland, L. T., et al. (2023). International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Allergic rhinitis—2023. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 13(4), 293–859.