History and scholarship
Astin's (1984) involvement theory, Tinto (1975) on integration, Pascarella and Terenzini (2005), Kuh's (2008) high-impact practices, and Coleman (1988) and Putnam (2000) on social capital frame these activities.
Key points
Types include supporters, reporter teams, volunteering, clubs and mentoring; compare content and organiser credibility. Laws, programmes, visa rules and hiring practice change; check official notices, current law and actual postings.
In practice
Depth over number; write outcomes with STAR; beware excessive fees.
FAQ
- More is better?
- Relevance matters more.
- Counts as a spec?
- Varies by employer.
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-26
References
- Tinto, V. (1975). Dropout from higher education: A theoretical synthesis of recent research. Review of Educational Research, 45(1), 89–125.
- Astin, A. W. (1984). Student involvement: A developmental theory for higher education. Journal of College Student Personnel, 25(4), 297–308.
- Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95–S120.
- Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Simon & Schuster.
- Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (2005). How College Affects Students, Vol. 2. Jossey-Bass.
- Kuh, G. D. (2008). High-Impact Educational Practices. Association of American Colleges and Universities.
- 고용24(고용노동부). https://www.work24.go.kr
- 국가법령정보센터. https://www.law.go.kr
