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Carbon neutrality

📈 Economics By CampusDown Wiki Editorial Team Last updated
Carbon neutrality means cutting greenhouse-gas emissions and balancing the remainder with removals so that net emissions are zero.
Contents
  1. 1. Overview
  2. 2. Frequently asked questions
  3. 3. References

Overview

Carbon neutrality (net zero) balances emissions with removals. The IPCC (2018) found that limiting warming to 1.5°C requires global net CO₂ emissions to reach zero around 2050. Under the Paris Agreement countries submit NDCs. Korea declared 2050 carbon neutrality in 2020; its Carbon Neutrality Act (in force March 2022) sets a 2030 floor of a 35% cut from 2018, and the national NDC is 40%. Tools include renewables, efficiency, natural sinks, CCUS and carbon pricing — internalising an externality. Relying only on offsets invites greenwashing criticism; see RE100.

Frequently asked questions

Net zero vs carbon neutral?
Often interchangeable; net zero may cover all greenhouse gases.

References

  1. IPCC. (2018). Global Warming of 1.5°C (Special Report).
  2. United Nations. (2015). Paris Agreement.
  3. 「기후위기 대응을 위한 탄소중립·녹색성장 기본법」(2021. 9. 24. 제정, 2022. 3. 25. 시행). 국가법령정보센터.
  4. 2050 탄소중립녹색성장위원회. 국가 탄소중립·녹색성장 기본계획(2023).

Reports and materials that use this theory (Korean)

There are no materials dedicated to this theory yet, but you can search related reports in the CampusDown library (Korean).

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ESG managementWhat ESG means, examples of environmental, social and governance factors, its origin in the 2004 Who Cares Wins report, ESG vs CSR, ISSB disclosure standards, ratings, research on performance and greenwashing risks.💼 BusinessExternalityExternalities explained: positive and negative externalities, market failure from the gap between private and social cost, Pigouvian taxes and subsidies, the Coase theorem, regulation and emissions trading.📈 EconomicsRE100What RE100 is, its 2014 launch by The Climate Group and CDP, the 100% renewable electricity by 2050 commitment and interim targets, sourcing methods, Korea’s K-RE100 and the difference from CF100.📈 EconomicsGreenwashingWhat greenwashing is, its 1986 origin, TerraChoice’s seven sins, common patterns, Korean and EU regulation, and how consumers can check green claims.📈 EconomicsPigouvian taxA Pigouvian tax charges activities that impose costs on others (negative externalities) by roughly the external cost, so markets reach the socially op📈 Economics

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This article was last updated on October 24, 2026. It is based on widely recognized original works and textbooks; when citing it in a paper, please check the original sources listed in the references.