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Community Practice Process Models

🤝 Social Welfare By CampusDown Wiki Editorial Team Last updated
Quick answer: community practice follows stages: identify a problem, assess needs, plan, implement and evaluate. Authors name the steps differently, but the flow is similar.
Contents
  1. 1. General stages
  2. 2. Models
  3. 3. The worker's role
  4. 4. References

General stages

  1. Problem identification with residents and data
  2. Needs assessment through surveys, community forums, key informants and secondary data
  3. Planning goals, strategies and resources
  4. Implementation by mobilizing resources and coalitions
  5. Evaluation of process and outcomes, feeding back into planning

Models

  • Perlman and Gurin (1972): problem definition, structure building, policy formulation, program implementation and feedback.
  • Kettner and colleagues: a planned change process from recognizing an opportunity to evaluating the effort.
  • Rothman: locality development, social planning and social action, each stressing different steps.

The worker's role

Roles shift between guide, enabler, expert and advocate. Recent practice stresses using evaluation data from an evidence-based practice perspective.

References

  1. Perlman, R., & Gurin, A. (1972). Community Organization and Social Planning. Wiley.
  2. Rothman, J. (1968). Three models of community organization practice. Social Work Practice, 16-47. Columbia University Press.
  3. Kettner, P. M., Moroney, R. M., & Martin, L. L. (2017). Designing and Managing Programs: An Effectiveness-Based Approach (5th ed.). Sage.
  4. Dunham, A. (1970). The New Community Organization. Crowell.

Reports and materials that use this theory (Korean)

There are no materials dedicated to this theory yet, but you can search related reports in the CampusDown library (Korean).

Find more reports · Search '지역사회복지실천 과정' on CampusDown →
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This article was last updated on October 15, 2026. It is based on widely recognized original works and textbooks; when citing it in a paper, please check the original sources listed in the references.