What are hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids are cushions of blood vessels in the anal canal that become swollen and stretched, causing bleeding, itching or a lump. Constipation, straining, sitting on the toilet too long (often scrolling a phone), pregnancy and low-fiber diets are common causes (Lohsiriwat, 2012).
Internal vs external hemorrhoids
Internal hemorrhoids are usually painless and cause bright red blood on toilet paper; they're graded 1 (bleeding only) to 4 (prolapsed and can't be pushed back). External hemorrhoids sit under the skin outside the anus and can form a painful clot. Because colon polyps and colorectal cancer can also bleed, see a doctor about rectal bleeding, especially after 45 or with a change in bowel habits.
Treatment
Mild cases improve with 25–30 g of fiber a day, plenty of fluids, warm sitz baths and limiting toilet time. Persistent internal hemorrhoids are often treated in the office with rubber band ligation; large or recurrent ones may need hemorrhoidectomy (Davis et al., 2018).
This article is general health information and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment. If symptoms persist, see a doctor.
FAQ
- Do hemorrhoids go away on their own?
- Mild ones often settle in days with home care. Prolapsed or clotted hemorrhoids may need a procedure.
- Is rectal bleeding always hemorrhoids?
- No. Get it checked—polyps, fissures and cancer can also cause bleeding.
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-25
References
- Lohsiriwat, V. (2012). Hemorrhoids: From basic pathophysiology to clinical management. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 18(17), 2009–2017.
- Davis, B. R., Lee-Kong, S. A., Migaly, J., et al. (2018). The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the management of hemorrhoids. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, 61(3), 284–292.