Overview
DSM-5-TR uses the specifier “with peripartum onset” for depression beginning in pregnancy or within 4 weeks after delivery, though clinicians screen through the first year (ACOG 2023). Unlike the baby blues, which fade within about two weeks, PPD lasts longer and impairs daily life, with low mood, exhaustion, guilt and sometimes thoughts of harm — which need urgent help. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (Cox et al., 1987) is a screening tool, not a diagnosis. Treatment includes CBT, interpersonal therapy and breastfeeding-compatible medication (NICE CG192). Sudden confusion or hallucinations may signal postpartum psychosis, an emergency. Partners can also be affected.
- Korea
- 109 (suicide prevention), 1577-0199 (mental health crisis)
- US
- 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline
- UK/Ireland
- Samaritans 116 123
- Emergency
- Local emergency number
This article is general information, not a diagnosis or medical advice. If you are concerned, please consult a qualified health professional.
Frequently asked questions
- Can I be treated while breastfeeding?
- Yes; discuss options with your doctor.
References
- American Psychiatric Association. (2022). DSM-5-TR (Depressive disorders, with peripartum onset).
- Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 782–786.
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2014, updated 2020). Antenatal and postnatal mental health (CG192).
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2023). Screening and diagnosis of mental health conditions during pregnancy and postpartum. Clinical Practice Guideline No. 4.