U.S. naturalization

⚖️ Law By CampusDown Wiki Editorial Team Last updated October 23, 2026

U.S. citizenship comes by birth or naturalization after permanent residence. Applicants file Form N-400, interview, pass English and civics, and take the oath.

Contents

1. Overview
2. Dual nationality
3. Frequently asked questions
4. References

Overview

Requires green card holding, continuous residence, 30 months’ physical presence (5-year track) and good moral character.

📌 At a glance

2025 civics test: for N-400s filed on or after Oct. 20, 2025

Dual nationality

The U.S. permits it; Korea allows limited dual nationality, Japan requires a choice, China does not recognize it.

The civics test is a reading of the club rules before the membership card. It asks what promises the country rests on.

Frequently asked questions

Is there a retest?: Yes, once within the same application.

References

Immigration and Nationality Act § 316, § 319, 8 U.S.C. §§ 1427, 1430.
USCIS, "2025 Civics Test" (applies to Form N-400 filed on or after October 20, 2025) (uscis.gov).
U.S. Constitution, Amendment XIV, § 1.
대한민국 「국적법」 제10조, 제12조(2010년 개정, 복수국적 제한적 허용).
日本「国籍法」第14条（国籍の選択）.
《中华人民共和国国籍法》第三条、第九条.

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This article was last updated on October 23, 2026. It is based on widely recognized original works and textbooks; when citing it in a paper, please check the original sources listed in the references.