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Disruptive innovation

💼 Business By CampusDown Wiki Editorial Team Last updated
Disruptive innovation is the process by which simpler, cheaper offerings take root at the low end or in new markets and move up to displace incumbents.
Contents
  1. 1. Disruptive innovation
  2. 2. Frequently asked questions
  3. 3. References

Disruptive innovation

Clayton Christensen (1995; *The Innovator’s Dilemma*, 1997) described how entrants with simpler, cheaper products start in overlooked low-end or new markets and improve until they displace incumbents. Sustaining innovation improves performance for existing customers. Types: low-end (steel minimills) and new-market (personal computers). Incumbents miss disruption by rationally serving their best customers. Christensen et al. (2015) argued Uber is not a classic disruption; scholars also question the theory’s predictive power.

Frequently asked questions

Disruptive vs sustaining?
Sustaining improves for current customers; disruptive starts low-end or in new markets.
Is Uber disruptive?
Christensen said not in the classic sense.

References

  1. Bower, J. L., & Christensen, C. M. (1995). Disruptive technologies: Catching the wave. Harvard Business Review, 73(1), 43–53.
  2. Christensen, C. M. (1997). The innovator’s dilemma. Harvard Business School Press.
  3. Christensen, C. M., Raynor, M. E., & McDonald, R. (2015). What is disruptive innovation? Harvard Business Review, 93(12), 44–53.

Reports and materials that use this theory (Korean)

There are no materials dedicated to this theory yet, but you can search related reports in the CampusDown library (Korean).

Find more reports · Search '파괴적 혁신' on CampusDown →
EntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship explained: Schumpeter's innovation and creative destruction, Kirzner's entrepreneurial alertness, Drucker's systematic innovation, the opportunity view of Shane and Venkataraman, entrepreneurial orientation and corporate entrepreneurship.💼 BusinessNetwork Effects and Platform EconomicsNetwork effects and platform economics explained: direct and indirect network effects, critical mass and tipping, two-sided market pricing, multi-homing and the platform regulation debate, based on the original papers.📈 EconomicsLong tailWhat the long tail is, Chris Anderson’s argument, how it differs from the 80/20 Pareto principle, online retail and streaming examples, long-tail keywords for small shops, and criticisms such as the superstar effect.💼 BusinessCatfish effectThe catfish effect is a metaphor that a strong competitor or stimulus makes incumbents more active and competitive.💼 Business

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This article was last updated on October 24, 2026. It is based on widely recognized original works and textbooks; when citing it in a paper, please check the original sources listed in the references.