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Instructional scaffolding

📚 Education By CampusDown Wiki Editorial Team Last updated
Scaffolding is temporary, adjustable support from a teacher or more capable peer that lets learners complete tasks they could not do alone, gradually withdrawn as competence grows.
Contents
  1. 1. Overview
  2. 2. Frequently asked questions
  3. 3. References

Overview

Coined by Wood, Bruner and Ross (1976), scaffolding has six functions: recruitment, reduction in degrees of freedom, direction maintenance, marking critical features, frustration control and demonstration. It is linked to Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development, though Vygotsky did not use the term. Key principles are diagnosis, contingency and fading.

Frequently asked questions

Did Vygotsky coin it?
No; Wood, Bruner and Ross did in 1976.

References

  1. Wood, D., Bruner, J. S., & Ross, G. (1976). The role of tutoring in problem solving. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 17(2), 89–100.
  2. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society. Harvard University Press.
  3. van de Pol, J., Volman, M., & Beishuizen, J. (2010). Scaffolding in teacher–student interaction: A decade of research. Educational Psychology Review, 22(3), 271–296.

Reports and materials that use this theory (Korean)

There are no materials dedicated to this theory yet, but you can search related reports in the CampusDown library (Korean).

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Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD) explained: sociocultural theory, mediation, private speech, scaffolding, comparison with Piaget, criticisms, and report examples.📚 EducationConstructivist Learning TheoryConstructivist learning theory: knowledge is actively built by learners. Compares Piaget's cognitive and Vygotsky's social constructivism and covers situated learning, cognitive apprenticeship, problem-based learning and critiques.📚 EducationFormative assessmentWhat formative assessment is, its origin with Scriven and Bloom, how it differs from diagnostic and summative assessment, classroom methods such as exit tickets and self-assessment, and Black and Wiliam’s evidence on feedback.📚 EducationPiaget's Theory of Cognitive DevelopmentPiaget's theory of cognitive development explained: schema, assimilation, accommodation, equilibration, the four stages, comparison with Vygotsky, criticisms, and report examples.📚 Education

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This article was last updated on October 24, 2026. It is based on widely recognized original works and textbooks; when citing it in a paper, please check the original sources listed in the references.