المفهوم
أخطاء الجماعة.
الدفاعات
إنكار المسؤولية.
الاعتذار
التعويض.
الأسئلة الشائعة
- ما المفهوم ببساطة؟
- ذنب عن الجماعة.
- هل نتائجه جيدة دائمًا؟
- ليس دائمًا.
تاريخ مراجعة المصادر: 2026-10-26
المراجع
- Doosje, B., Branscombe, N. R., Spears, R., & Manstead, A. S. R. (1998). Guilty by association: When one's group has a negative history. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(4), 872–886. النص المؤسس.
- Branscombe, N. R., & Doosje, B. (Eds.). (2004). Collective Guilt: International Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. منظور دولي.
- Iyer, A., Leach, C. W., & Crosby, F. J. (2003). White guilt and racial compensation: The benefits and limits of self-focus. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(1), 117–129. حدود الذنب.
- McGarty, C., Pedersen, A., Leach, C. W., Mansell, T., Waller, J., & Bliuc, A.-M. (2005). Group-based guilt as a predictor of commitment to apology. British Journal of Social Psychology, 44(4), 659–680. الاعتذار.
- Leach, C. W., Iyer, A., & Pedersen, A. (2006). Anger and guilt about ingroup advantage explain the willingness for political action. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(9), 1232–1245. الغضب والذنب.
- Wohl, M. J. A., Branscombe, N. R., & Klar, Y. (2006). Collective guilt: Emotional reactions when one's group has done wrong or been wronged. European Review of Social Psychology, 17(1), 1–37. مراجعة شاملة.
- Brown, R., González, R., Zagefka, H., Manzi, J., & Čehajić, S. (2008). Nuestra culpa: Collective guilt and shame as predictors of reparation for historical wrongdoing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(1), 75–90. الذنب والعار.