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Mastery learning

📚 Education By CampusDown Wiki Editorial Team Last updated
Mastery learning holds that most students can reach learning goals given enough time and appropriate instruction, using unit formative tests with correctives.
Contents
  1. 1. Overview
  2. 2. Frequently asked questions
  3. 3. References

Overview

Building on Carroll’s (1963) model of school learning, Bloom (1968) proposed teaching units, formative assessment, correctives or enrichment, and re-testing. His 2 sigma problem (1984) reported tutoring about two standard deviations above conventional teaching. Critics cite time demands. See Bloom’s taxonomy.

Frequently asked questions

Does everyone score 100?
No; most reach a set mastery level.

References

  1. Carroll, J. B. (1963). A model of school learning. Teachers College Record, 64(8), 723–733.
  2. Bloom, B. S. (1968). Learning for mastery. Evaluation Comment, 1(2), 1–12.
  3. Bloom, B. S. (1984). The 2 sigma problem. Educational Researcher, 13(6), 4–16.

Reports and materials that use this theory (Korean)

There are no materials dedicated to this theory yet, but you can search related reports in the CampusDown library (Korean).

Find more reports · Search '완전학습' on CampusDown →
Bloom’s taxonomyWhat is Bloom’s taxonomy? The 1956 cognitive domain, the 2001 Anderson and Krathwohl revision (remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, create), the knowledge dimension, action verbs, and using it for objectives and assessment.📚 EducationFormative assessmentWhat formative assessment is, its origin with Scriven and Bloom, how it differs from diagnostic and summative assessment, classroom methods such as exit tickets and self-assessment, and Black and Wiliam’s evidence on feedback.📚 EducationSelf-directed learningKnowles’s (1975) definition of self-directed learning, its five-step process, comparison with self-regulated learning, readiness scales and practical tips.📚 EducationPiaget's Theory of Cognitive DevelopmentPiaget's theory of cognitive development explained: schema, assimilation, accommodation, equilibration, the four stages, comparison with Vygotsky, criticisms, and report examples.📚 Education

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This article was last updated on October 24, 2026. It is based on widely recognized original works and textbooks; when citing it in a paper, please check the original sources listed in the references.