Origins
Paul Lengrand proposed éducation permanente at UNESCO in 1965, arguing that rapid change makes schooling alone insufficient.
Key reports
- Faure report (1972), Learning to Be: the learning society as the goal of policy.
- OECD recurrent education (1973): alternating education with work and leisure across life.
- Delors report (1996): four pillars—learning to know, to do, to live together and to be.
Characteristics
Dave listed totality, vertical and horizontal integration, flexibility, democratisation, self-direction and quality of life. Since the 1990s the learner-centred term lifelong learning has prevailed.
Korea
Article 31(5) of the Constitution obliges the state to promote lifelong education. The Lifelong Education Act covers six areas outside regular schooling: remedial, adult literacy, vocational, liberal arts, culture and arts, and civic participation education, supported by the Academic Credit Bank System, lifelong learning accounts and lifelong learning cities. See andragogy for adult learner characteristics.
References
- Lengrand, P. (1970). An Introduction to Lifelong Education. UNESCO.
- Faure, E., et al. (1972). Learning to Be: The World of Education Today and Tomorrow. UNESCO.
- Delors, J., et al. (1996). Learning: The Treasure Within. UNESCO.
- Dave, R. H. (Ed.). (1976). Foundations of Lifelong Education. Pergamon Press.
- 평생교육법 [법률], 제2조. 국가법령정보센터.