Concept and structure
The delivery system turns policy into services. It is divided into public (central and local government) and private (non-profit) systems, and into administrative units that plan and support and service units that meet clients.
Principles
- Professionalism: core tasks handled by qualified staff.
- Adequacy: enough quantity, quality and duration to meet needs.
- Comprehensiveness: multiple needs addressed together.
- Continuity: services linked without gaps.
- Integration: related services coordinated in one place.
- Equity: no discrimination by gender, region or class.
- Accountability for outcomes and complaints.
- Accessibility: low informational, geographic, psychological and procedural barriers.
Gilbert and Terrell's problems and strategies
They named fragmentation, discontinuity, unaccountability and inaccessibility, and proposed restructuring authority (coordination, citizen participation), reorganising tasks, and changing system composition (specialised access structures, purposive duplication). Case management is a key remedy for fragmentation.
Korean reforms
Korea introduced dedicated social welfare officials (1987), integrated case management through local hope welfare support teams (2012) and outreach-based community welfare hubs (from 2016). Staff shortages and silos between ministries remain issues.
References
- Gilbert, N., & Terrell, P. (2013). Dimensions of Social Welfare Policy (8th ed.). Pearson.
- Gates, B. L. (1980). Social Program Administration: The Implementation of Social Policy. Prentice-Hall.
- Hasenfeld, Y. (Ed.). (2010). Human Services as Complex Organizations (2nd ed.). Sage.