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Problem-based learning

📚 Education By CampusDown Wiki Editorial Team Last updated
Problem-based learning (PBL) starts from authentic, ill-structured problems that small groups solve by finding the knowledge they need themselves.
Contents
  1. 1. Overview
  2. 2. Frequently asked questions
  3. 3. References

Overview

Introduced at McMaster University’s medical school in the late 1960s and systematised by Barrows. Steps: problem, analysis, self-directed study, group synthesis and reflection, with tutors as facilitators. A meta-analysis (Dochy et al., 2003) found positive effects on applying knowledge. Compare project-based learning.

Frequently asked questions

Only for medicine?
No, it spread widely.

References

  1. Barrows, H. S., & Tamblyn, R. M. (1980). Problem-Based Learning: An Approach to Medical Education. Springer.
  2. Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2004). Problem-based learning: What and how do students learn? Educational Psychology Review, 16(3), 235–266.
  3. Dochy, F., Segers, M., Van den Bossche, P., & Gijbels, D. (2003). Effects of problem-based learning: A meta-analysis. Learning and Instruction, 13(5), 533–568.

Reports and materials that use this theory (Korean)

There are no materials dedicated to this theory yet, but you can search related reports in the CampusDown library (Korean).

Find more reports · Search '문제중심학습' on CampusDown →
Constructivist Learning TheoryConstructivist learning theory: knowledge is actively built by learners. Compares Piaget's cognitive and Vygotsky's social constructivism and covers situated learning, cognitive apprenticeship, problem-based learning and critiques.📚 EducationThe Project ApproachThe project approach in early childhood education: roots in Dewey and Kilpatrick's project method, Katz and Chard's definition, the beginning, investigation and culmination phases, fieldwork and representation, the teacher's role, and comparison with Reggio Emilia.📚 EducationSelf-directed learningKnowles’s (1975) definition of self-directed learning, its five-step process, comparison with self-regulated learning, readiness scales and practical tips.📚 EducationPiaget's Theory of Cognitive DevelopmentPiaget's theory of cognitive development explained: schema, assimilation, accommodation, equilibration, the four stages, comparison with Vygotsky, criticisms, and report examples.📚 Education

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This article was last updated on October 24, 2026. It is based on widely recognized original works and textbooks; when citing it in a paper, please check the original sources listed in the references.