视线画出F
眼动研究显示,人们很少通读长文:先横读顶部,再在下方短读一行,然后沿左侧竖向扫读。格兰卡等(2004)发现注视集中于顶部结果,卡特雷尔与关(2007)发现摘要长度影响注视。
误解与事实
佩尼斯(2017)强调F型不是要遵循的原则,而是缺少小标题时的症状。在移动端,金等(2015)发现小屏行为不同,拉贡等(2014)报告注意力集中在视口中部。
为扫读而写
先写结论、用概括性小标题、段落以关键词开头,并用视觉层级区分重要度,可降低认知负荷,在移动优先设计中传达要点,也有利于SEO。
常见问题
- 要按F型设计吗?
- 不,它是结构薄弱的症状,应用小标题和关键词提供结构。
- 移动端也有F型吗?
- 有,但竖向扫读更多,注意力偏向屏幕中部。
来源核查日期:2026-10-27
参考文献
- Pernice, K. (2017, November 12). F-shaped pattern of reading on the web: Misunderstood, but still relevant (even on mobile). Nielsen Norman Group. 说明F形阅读是结构薄弱时的现象而非设计目标。
- Buscher, G., Cutrell, E., & Morris, M. R. (2009). What do you see when you're surfing? Using eye tracking to predict salient regions of web pages. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 21–30). ACM. 用眼动追踪预测网页显著区域。
- Cutrell, E., & Guan, Z. (2007). What are you looking for? An eye-tracking study of information usage in web search. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 407–416). ACM. 摘要长度会改变注视与搜索表现。
- Granka, L. A., Joachims, T., & Gay, G. (2004). Eye-tracking analysis of user behavior in WWW search. In Proceedings of the 27th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (pp. 478–479). ACM. 早期眼动研究显示注视集中于顶部结果。
- Kim, J., Thomas, P., Sankaranarayana, R., Gedeon, T., & Yoon, H.-J. (2015). Eye-tracking analysis of user behavior and performance in web search on large and small screens. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 66(3), 526–544. 比较大屏与小屏上的阅读行为。
- Lagun, D., Hsieh, C.-H., Webster, D., & Navalpakkam, V. (2014). Towards better measurement of attention and satisfaction in mobile search. In Proceedings of the 37th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (pp. 113–122). ACM. 发现移动端注意力集中在视口中部。
- Lidwell, W., Holden, K., & Butler, J. (2010). Universal principles of design (Rev. ed.). Rockport. 汇集层级与对齐等版式原则。
