معتقدات المحصلة الصفرية

المفهوم

الخير المحدود.

الجماعات

الهجرة والعرق.

السياسة

الأيديولوجيا.

الأسئلة الشائعة

ما المفهوم ببساطة؟

مكسبك خسارتي.

لماذا يهم؟

يزيد الصراع.

تاريخ مراجعة المصادر: 2026-10-26

المراجع

1. Foster, G. M. (1965). Peasant society and the image of limited good. American Anthropologist, 67(2), 293–315. الخير المحدود.
2. Esses, V. M., Jackson, L. M., & Armstrong, T. L. (1998). Intergroup competition and attitudes toward immigrants and immigration: An instrumental model of group conflict. Journal of Social Issues, 54(4), 699–724. الهجرة.
3. Meegan, D. V. (2010). Zero-sum bias: Perceived competition despite unlimited resources. Frontiers in Psychology, 1, 191. انحياز معرفي.
4. Norton, M. I., & Sommers, S. R. (2011). Whites see racism as a zero-sum game that they are now losing. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(3), 215–218. العنصرية.
5. Różycka-Tran, J., Boski, P., & Wojciszke, B. (2015). Belief in a zero-sum game as a social axiom: A 37-nation study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(4), 525–548. 37 دولة.
6. Wilkins, C. L., Wellman, J. D., Babbitt, L. G., Toosi, N. R., & Schad, K. D. (2015). You can win but I can't lose: Bias against high-status groups increases their zero-sum beliefs about discrimination. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 57, 1–14. الجماعات العليا.
7. Davidai, S., & Ongis, M. (2019). The politics of zero-sum thinking: The relationship between political ideology and the belief that life is a zero-sum game. Science Advances, 5(12), eaay3761. الأيديولوجيا.