Concept and name
University of Tokyo professor emeritus Naraomi Imamura noted that the value added in processing and distribution flowed to urban firms, and urged farmers to capture it themselves. He first wrote 1+2+3, later changing it to 1×2×3 to stress that if farming falls to zero, so does the whole.
Policy
- Japan: a 2010 act on sixth industrialization and local production for local consumption, backed by investment funds.
- Korea: the 2014 Rural Convergence Industry Act (in force 2015), with business certification and regional support centres.
Forms and examples
Farm-made processed foods (fermented sauces, jams, wine), local food stores, farm restaurants, experience and tourism farms, and farm stays. Moku Moku farm in Mie, Japan, and Korea's green rural experience villages are often cited.
Challenges
Small farms often lack capital and marketing skills, experience programmes can look alike, and sales channels are hard to secure, so community and cooperative approaches are emphasised.
References
- 農林水産省 (2011). 『平成22年度 食料・農業・農村白書』.
- 農林水産省. 『六次産業化・地産地消法』(平成22年法律第67号).
- 국가법령정보센터. 「농촌융복합산업 육성 및 지원에 관한 법률」(법률 제12513호, 2014).