为什么要显示等待
Miller(1968)与Card等(1991)给出0.1秒、1秒、10秒阈值。有反馈时用户愿意等更久(Nah, 2004)。
转圈还是进度条
2到10秒的未知等待用转圈,超过10秒用进度条(Sherwin, 2014)。用户偏好百分比(Myers, 1985)。短加载用骨架屏效果好。
缩短感知时间
后段加速的进度条感觉更短(Harrison et al., 2007)。长任务转入后台(Bailey & Konstan, 2006)。完成时用微交互提示,并借核心网页指标减少等待。
常见问题
- 何时用转圈?
- 用于时长未知的约2到10秒等待。
- 进度条可以与实际不同吗?
- 可调速度曲线,但不能虚报完成。
来源核查日期:2026-10-27
参考文献
- Myers, B. A. (1985). The importance of percent-done progress indicators for computer-human interfaces. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 11–17). ACM. 证明用户偏好百分比进度条的经典研究。
- Harrison, C., Amento, B., Kuznetsov, S., & Bell, R. (2007). Rethinking the progress bar. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (pp. 115–118). ACM. 进度变化影响感知时长。
- Nah, F. F.-H. (2004). A study on tolerable waiting time: How long are web users willing to wait? Behaviour & Information Technology, 23(3), 153–163. 反馈可延长可容忍等待时间。
- Miller, R. B. (1968). Response time in man-computer conversational transactions. In Proceedings of the December 9–11, 1968, Fall Joint Computer Conference, Part I (pp. 267–277). ACM. 首次总结响应时间阈值。
- Card, S. K., Robertson, G. G., & Mackinlay, J. D. (1991). The information visualizer, an information workspace. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 181–186). ACM. 提出0.1秒、1秒、10秒时间尺度。
- Sherwin, K. (2014, October 26). Progress indicators make a slow system less insufferable. Nielsen Norman Group. 按等待时长选择转圈或进度条的指南。
- Bailey, B. P., & Konstan, J. A. (2006). On the need for attention-aware systems: Measuring effects of interruption on task completion time, error rate, and affective state. Computers in Human Behavior, 22(4), 685–708. 中断会增加错误与焦虑。
