الصور النمطية الفوقية

المفهوم

كيف يروننا.

الاتصال

تجنب اللقاء.

الاستقطاب

إدراكات مبالغ فيها.

الأسئلة الشائعة

ما المفهوم ببساطة؟

نظرتهم إلينا.

لماذا يهم؟

يزيد العداء.

تاريخ مراجعة المصادر: 2026-10-26

المراجع

1. Vorauer, J. D., Main, K. J., & O'Connell, G. B. (1998). How do individuals expect to be viewed by members of lower status groups? Content and implications of meta-stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(4), 917–937. النص المؤسس.
2. Vorauer, J. D., Hunter, A. J., Main, K. J., & Roy, S. A. (2000). Meta-stereotype activation: Evidence from indirect measures for specific evaluative concerns experienced by members of dominant groups in intergroup interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(4), 690–707. التنشيط.
3. Shelton, J. N., & Richeson, J. A. (2005). Intergroup contact and pluralistic ignorance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(1), 91–107. الجهل التعددي.
4. Frey, F. E., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). Being seen as individuals versus as group members: Extending research on metaperception to intergroup contexts. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(3), 265–280. مراجعة.
5. Kteily, N., Hodson, G., & Bruneau, E. (2016). They see us as less than human: Metadehumanization predicts intergroup conflict via reciprocal dehumanization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 110(3), 343–370. نزع الإنسانية المتبادل.
6. Moore-Berg, S. L., Ankori-Karlinsky, L.-O., Hameiri, B., & Bruneau, E. (2020). Exaggerated meta-perceptions predict intergroup hostility between American political partisans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(26), 14864–14872. الاستقطاب الحزبي.
7. Shelton, J. N., Richeson, J. A., & Vorauer, J. D. (2006). Threatened identities and interethnic interactions. European Review of Social Psychology, 17(1), 321–358. تهديد الهوية.