الدراسة
قدّر بيلتزمان أن انخفاض وفيات الركاب قابله ارتفاع في إصابات المشاة.
تعويض المخاطر
اقترح وايلد أن الأفراد يحافظون على مستوى مستهدف من المخاطرة.
الجدل
وجد كوهين وإيناف (2003) أن قوانين أحزمة الأمان خفّضت الوفيات.
الأسئلة الشائعة
- ما الأثر ببساطة؟
- الشعور بالأمان قد يشجع على مخاطرة أكبر.
- هل يعني فشل التنظيم؟
- لا، فالتعويض جزئي غالباً.
تاريخ مراجعة المصادر: 2026-10-26
المراجع
- Peltzman, S. (1975). The effects of automobile safety regulation. Journal of Political Economy, 83(4), 677–725.
- Peltzman, S. (1976). Toward a more general theory of regulation. Journal of Law and Economics, 19(2), 211–240.
- Wilde, G. J. S. (1982). The theory of risk homeostasis: Implications for safety and health. Risk Analysis, 2(4), 209–225.
- Robertson, L. S. (1977). A critical analysis of Peltzman's "The effects of automobile safety regulation". Journal of Economic Issues, 11(3), 587–600.
- Crandall, R. W., & Graham, J. D. (1984). Automobile safety regulation and offsetting behavior: Some new empirical estimates. American Economic Review, 74(2), 328–331.
- Evans, L. (1986). Risk homeostasis theory and traffic accident data. Risk Analysis, 6(1), 81–94.
- Aschenbrenner, M., & Biehl, B. (1994). Improved safety through improved technical measures? Empirical studies regarding risk compensation processes in relation to anti-lock braking systems. In R. M. Trimpop & G. J. S. Wilde (Eds.), Challenges to Accident Prevention (pp. 81–89). Groningen: Styx.
- Cohen, A., & Einav, L. (2003). The effects of mandatory seat belt laws on driving behavior and traffic fatalities. Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(4), 828–843.
- Levitt, S. D., & Porter, J. (2001). Sample selection in the estimation of air bag and seat belt effectiveness. Review of Economics and Statistics, 83(4), 603–615.
- Hedlund, J. (2000). Risky business: Safety regulations, risk compensation, and individual behavior. Injury Prevention, 6(2), 82–89.
- Viscusi, W. K. (1984). The lulling effect: The impact of child-resistant packaging on aspirin and analgesic ingestions. American Economic Review, 74(2), 324–327.
- Winston, C., Maheshri, V., & Mannering, F. (2006). An exploration of the offset hypothesis using disaggregate data: The case of airbags and antilock brakes. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 32(2), 83–99.
- Stigler, G. J. (1971). The theory of economic regulation. Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, 2(1), 3–21.
