History and scholarship
Holland (1959) theorised person–environment fit; Super (1980) life-span stages; Schlossberg (1981) the 4S transition model; Hall (1996) protean careers; Arthur and Rousseau (1996) boundaryless careers; Savickas (1997) career adaptability; Mitchell, Levin and Krumboltz (1999) planned happenstance; Ibarra (2003) identity experiments.
Key points
Identify transferable skills and reframe them in the new role's language; test with side projects or courses. Laws, programmes, visa rules and hiring practice change; check official notices, current law and actual postings.
In practice
Use career counselling and training cards; see Holland's theory.
FAQ
- Will pay drop?
- It may if experience isn't credited.
- Age limit?
- None fixed; check entry barriers.
Sources reviewed: 2026-10-26
References
- Holland, J. L. (1959). A theory of vocational choice. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 6(1), 35–45.
- Super, D. E. (1980). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16(3), 282–298.
- Schlossberg, N. K. (1981). A model for analyzing human adaptation to transition. The Counseling Psychologist, 9(2), 2–18.
- Hall, D. T. (1996). Protean careers of the 21st century. Academy of Management Executive, 10(4), 8–16.
- Arthur, M. B., & Rousseau, D. M. (Eds.). (1996). The Boundaryless Career. Oxford University Press.
- Savickas, M. L. (1997). Career adaptability: An integrative construct for life-span, life-space theory. Career Development Quarterly, 45(3), 247–259.
- Mitchell, K. E., Levin, A. S., & Krumboltz, J. D. (1999). Planned happenstance: Constructing unexpected career opportunities. Journal of Counseling & Development, 77(2), 115–124.
- Ibarra, H. (2003). Working Identity: Unconventional Strategies for Reinventing Your Career. Harvard Business School Press.
- 고용24(고용노동부). https://www.work24.go.kr
- 국가법령정보센터. https://www.law.go.kr
