تأثير الشخص الثالث

الفرضية

رأى ديفيسون (1983) أننا نظن الرسائل تؤثر في «هم» لا في «أنا».

السبب

يفسَّر بدافع تعزيز الذات وبالمسافة الاجتماعية عن الآخرين.

الأدلة

الإدراك ثابت في التحليلات البعدية، والأثر السلوكي أضعف.

الأسئلة الشائعة

ما المفهوم ببساطة؟

«أنا لا أنخدع، لكن غيري ينخدع».

هل يظهر دائماً؟

يقوى مع الرسائل الضارة ويضعف مع المفيدة.

تاريخ مراجعة المصادر: 2026-10-26

المراجع

1. Davison, W. P. (1983). The third-person effect in communication. Public Opinion Quarterly, 47(1), 1–15.
2. Gunther, A. C. (1991). What we think others think: Cause and consequence in the third-person effect. Communication Research, 18(3), 355–372.
3. Gunther, A. C. (1995). Overrating the X-rating: The third-person perception and support for censorship of pornography. Journal of Communication, 45(1), 27–38.
4. Perloff, R. M. (1993). Third-person effect research 1983–1992: A review and synthesis. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 5(2), 167–184.
5. Perloff, R. M. (1999). The third-person effect: A critical review and synthesis. Media Psychology, 1(4), 353–378.
6. Paul, B., Salwen, M. B., & Dupagne, M. (2000). The third-person effect: A meta-analysis of the perceptual hypothesis. Mass Communication & Society, 3(1), 57–85.
7. Duck, J. M., Hogg, M. A., & Terry, D. J. (1995). Me, us and them: Political identification and the third-person effect in the 1993 Australian federal election. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25(2), 195–215.
8. Eveland, W. P., Jr., Nathanson, A. I., Detenber, B. H., & McLeod, D. M. (1999). Rethinking the social distance corollary: Perceived likelihood of exposure and the third-person perception. Communication Research, 26(3), 275–302.
9. Gunther, A. C., & Storey, J. D. (2003). The influence of presumed influence. Journal of Communication, 53(2), 199–215.
10. Sun, Y., Pan, Z., & Shen, L. (2008). Understanding the third-person perception: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Journal of Communication, 58(2), 280–300.
11. Golan, G. J., & Day, A. G. (2008). The first-person effect and its behavioral consequences: A new trend in the twenty-five year history of third-person effect research. Mass Communication & Society, 11(4), 539–556.
12. Jang, S. M., & Kim, J. K. (2018). Third person effects of fake news: Fake news regulation and media literacy interventions. Computers in Human Behavior, 80, 295–302.