Structure
PRECEDE stands for Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational/Ecological Diagnosis and Evaluation; PROCEED for Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development. Planning starts from desired outcomes and works backward.
PRECEDE (assessment)
- Social assessment: quality of life and needs
- Epidemiological assessment: health problems and their behavioural, environmental and genetic determinants
- Educational and ecological assessment: predisposing (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs), reinforcing (feedback and rewards from others) and enabling (skills, resources, access) factors
- Administrative and policy assessment: budget, staff, policy and organisation
PROCEED (implementation and evaluation)
- Implementation
- Process evaluation
- Impact evaluation: short-term change in factors, behaviour and environment
- Outcome evaluation: long-term change in health and quality of life
Example
A smoking cessation programme for female students might diagnose low risk awareness (predisposing), smoking friends (reinforcing) and access to cessation clinics (enabling), then combine education, peer support and referral, judged by changes in smoking rates.
References
- Green, L. W., Kreuter, M. W., Deeds, S. G., & Partridge, K. B. (1980). Health Education Planning: A Diagnostic Approach. Mayfield.
- Green, L. W., & Kreuter, M. W. (2005). Health Program Planning: An Educational and Ecological Approach (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Glanz, K., Rimer, B. K., & Viswanath, K. (Eds.). (2015). Health Behavior: Theory, Research, and Practice (5th ed.). Jossey-Bass.