概念与效果
M+1规则
策略协调使候选人趋于M+1个。
最佳点
常被混合选举制度讨论引用。
常见问题
- 简单来说是什么?
- 一个选区选几个人。
- 规模大会怎样?
- 小党更易获得议席。
来源核查日期:2026-10-26
参考文献
- Rae, D. W. (1967). The political consequences of electoral laws. Yale University Press. 首次定量处理选区规模效果的经典,适合了解概念起点。
- Taagepera, R., & Shugart, M. S. (1989). Seats and votes: The effects and determinants of electoral systems. Yale University Press. 将选区规模整理为决定性因素的著作,适合了解核心理论。
- Lijphart, A. (1990). The political consequences of electoral laws, 1945–85. American Political Science Review, 84(2), 481–496. 实证选区规模与比例性关系的论文,适合了解比较证据。
- Cox, G. W. (1999). Electoral rules and electoral coordination. Annual Review of Political Science, 2, 145–161. 整理选区规模与策略协调的综述,适合了解M+1规则。
- Benoit, K. (2001). District magnitude, electoral formula, and the number of parties. European Journal of Political Research, 39(2), 203–224. 比较选区规模与分配公式效果的论文,适合了解两者相对重要性。
- Carey, J. M., & Hix, S. (2011). The electoral sweet spot: Low-magnitude proportional electoral systems. American Journal of Political Science, 55(2), 383–397. 认为小型比例选区兼顾代表性与问责的研究,适合了解制度设计。
- Laakso, M., & Taagepera, R. (1979). "Effective" number of parties: A measure with application to West Europe. Comparative Political Studies, 12(1), 3–27. 提出有效政党数指标的论文,适合测量选区规模效果。
