فخ الخيال
يقل الجهد.
المبدأ
ربط العقبة بالفعل.
WOOP
رغبة ونتيجة وعقبة وخطة.
الأسئلة الشائعة
- ما هي باختصار؟
- الرغبة ثم العقبة.
- ألا يكفي التفاؤل؟
- قد يقلل الجهد.
تاريخ مراجعة المصادر: 2026-10-26
المراجع
- Oettingen, G., Pak, H., & Schnetter, K. (2001). Self-regulation of goal-setting: Turning free fantasies about the future into binding goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(5), 736–753. التجارب المؤسسة.
- Oettingen, G., & Mayer, D. (2002). The motivating function of thinking about the future: Expectations versus fantasies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(5), 1198–1212. الخيال مقابل التوقع.
- Oettingen, G. (2012). Future thought and behaviour change. European Review of Social Psychology, 23(1), 1–63. مراجعة شاملة.
- Oettingen, G. (2014). Rethinking positive thinking: Inside the new science of motivation. Current. تقديم WOOP.
- Adriaanse, M. A., Oettingen, G., Gollwitzer, P. M., Hennes, E. P., de Ridder, D. T. D., & de Wit, J. B. F. (2010). When planning is not enough: Fighting unhealthy snacking habits by mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII). European Journal of Social Psychology, 40(7), 1277–1293. MCII.
- Duckworth, A. L., Grant, H., Loew, B., Oettingen, G., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2011). Self-regulation strategies improve self-discipline in adolescents: Benefits of mental contrasting and implementation intentions. Educational Psychology, 31(1), 17–26. تطبيق تعليمي.
- Kappes, A., Singmann, H., & Oettingen, G. (2012). Mental contrasting instigates goal pursuit by linking obstacles of reality with instrumental behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(4), 811–818. الآلية.