心理对比

幻想陷阱

努力减少。

原理

与自我效能相关。

WOOP

补充目标设定理论。

常见问题

简单来说？

愿望与障碍并想。

只积极思考不行吗？

可能减少努力。

来源核查日期：2026-10-26

参考文献

1. Oettingen, G., Pak, H., & Schnetter, K. (2001). Self-regulation of goal-setting: Turning free fantasies about the future into binding goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(5), 736–753. 奠基实验。
2. Oettingen, G., & Mayer, D. (2002). The motivating function of thinking about the future: Expectations versus fantasies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(5), 1198–1212. 幻想与期望。
3. Oettingen, G. (2012). Future thought and behaviour change. European Review of Social Psychology, 23(1), 1–63. 综合综述。
4. Oettingen, G. (2014). Rethinking positive thinking: Inside the new science of motivation. Current. WOOP介绍。
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7. Kappes, A., Singmann, H., & Oettingen, G. (2012). Mental contrasting instigates goal pursuit by linking obstacles of reality with instrumental behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(4), 811–818. 作用机制。