الإعداد
صندوق شفاف فيه ألف دولار وآخر معتم قد يحوي مليوناً.
المبدآن
المنفعة المتوقعة توصي بصندوق واحد، والهيمنة بالصندوقين.
الصلات
رأى لويس (1979) أن معضلة السجين مسألة نيوكومب.
الأسئلة الشائعة
- ما المفارقة ببساطة؟
- مبدآن عقلانيان يعطيان جوابين متناقضين.
- هل لها حل متفق عليه؟
- لا، ما زال الجدل قائماً.
تاريخ مراجعة المصادر: 2026-10-26
المراجع
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- Gardner, M. (1973). Mathematical games: Free will revisited, with a mind-bending prediction paradox by William Newcomb. Scientific American, 229(1), 104–109.
- Gibbard, A., & Harper, W. L. (1978). Counterfactuals and two kinds of expected utility. In C. A. Hooker, J. J. Leach, & E. F. McClennen (Eds.), Foundations and Applications of Decision Theory (pp. 125–162). Dordrecht: Reidel.
- Lewis, D. (1979). Prisoners' dilemma is a Newcomb problem. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 8(3), 235–240.
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- Campbell, R., & Sowden, L. (Eds.). (1985). Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation: Prisoner's Dilemma and Newcomb's Problem. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
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- Ahmed, A. (2014). Evidence, Decision and Causality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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