类型
与比例代表制配合良好。
引入逻辑
实证效果
有印度与瑞典的研究。
常见问题
- 简单来说是什么?
- 为女性保留一定比例的议席或候选名额。
- 会降低能力吗?
- 瑞典研究显示反而提高。
来源核查日期:2026-10-26
参考文献
- Krook, M. L. (2009). Quotas for women in politics: Gender and candidate selection reform worldwide. Oxford University Press. 比较全球性别配额引入与效果的代表著作,适合了解全貌。
- Dahlerup, D., & Freidenvall, L. (2005). Quotas as a 'fast track' to equal representation for women. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 7(1), 26–48. 区分渐进路径与快速路径的论文,适合了解配额引入逻辑。
- Chattopadhyay, R., & Duflo, E. (2004). Women as policy makers: Evidence from a randomized policy experiment in India. Econometrica, 72(5), 1409–1443. 利用印度随机保留席位测量女性领导政策效果的研究,适合了解因果证据。
- Beaman, L., Chattopadhyay, R., Duflo, E., Pande, R., & Topalova, P. (2009). Powerful women: Does exposure reduce bias? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124(4), 1497–1540. 检验女性领导经验是否减少选民偏见的研究,适合了解长期效果。
- Franceschet, S., & Piscopo, J. M. (2008). Gender quotas and women's substantive representation: Lessons from Argentina. Politics & Gender, 4(3), 393–425. 以阿根廷为例分析配额与实质代表关系的论文,适合了解政策内容变化。
- Besley, T., Folke, O., Persson, T., & Rickne, J. (2017). Gender quotas and the crisis of the mediocre man: Theory and evidence from Sweden. American Economic Review, 107(8), 2204–2242. 显示配额反而提高政治人物能力的研究,适合了解对能力下降担忧的反驳。
- O'Brien, D. Z., & Rickne, J. (2016). Gender quotas and women's political leadership. American Political Science Review, 110(1), 112–126. 分析配额对女性进入领导层影响的论文,适合了解代表性的质变。
