四类目标群体
优势群体、竞争群体、依赖群体、越轨群体。
政策塑造公民
CampusDown PICK大家都在看
应用与批评
常见问题
- 简单来说是什么?
- 群体形象与力量决定政策。
- 为何影响参与?
- 体验被尊重或被污名。
来源核查日期:2026-10-26
参考文献
- Schneider, A., & Ingram, H. (1993). Social construction of target populations: Implications for politics and policy. American Political Science Review, 87(2), 334–347. 首次提出该理论的原典论文,适合了解四类目标群体。
- Schneider, A. L., & Ingram, H. (1997). Policy design for democracy. University Press of Kansas. 综合政策设计对民主影响的著作,适合了解理论的规范面向。
- Schneider, A. L., & Ingram, H. M. (Eds.). (2005). Deserving and entitled: Social constructions and public policy. State University of New York Press. 汇集多政策领域案例的编著,适合了解理论适用范围。
- Pierce, J. J., Siddiki, S., Jones, M. D., Schumacher, K., Pattison, A., & Peterson, H. (2014). Social construction and policy design: A review of past applications. Policy Studies Journal, 42(1), 1–29. 检讨20年应用研究的综述,适合了解研究动向。
- Soss, J. (1999). Lessons of welfare: Policy design, political learning, and political action. American Political Science Review, 93(2), 363–380. 显示福利经历改变政治参与的研究,适合了解政策向公民传递的信息。
- Mettler, S., & Soss, J. (2004). The consequences of public policy for democratic citizenship: Bridging policy studies and mass politics. Perspectives on Politics, 2(1), 55–73. 整理政策对公民身份影响的论文,适合了解与政策反馈的联系。
- Campbell, A. L. (2003). How policies make citizens: Senior political activism and the American welfare state. Princeton University Press. 显示社会保障提升老年人政治参与的著作,适合了解正面目标群体案例。
