什么是去机构化?
去机构化指将残障人士和精神疾病患者从大型机构转向有支持的社区生活,兴起于人权问题和正常化原则背景下。《残疾人权利公约》第19条保障选择居住地点的权利。研究表明,只有在社区服务充足时生活质量才会提高,支持不足时则可能导致无家可归等问题。
常见问题
- 是要关闭所有机构吗?
- 目标是转向以社区支持为中心,具体做法存在争议。
- 国际依据?
- 《残疾人权利公约》第19条。
参考文献
- United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. (2017). General comment No. 5 on living independently and being included in the community.
- United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. (2022). Guidelines on deinstitutionalization, including in emergencies.
- Mansell, J., & Beadle-Brown, J. (2010). Deinstitutionalisation and community living: Position statement. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(2), 104–112.
