概念由来
与官僚制的目标置换有关。
定义与测量
定义为无效而有负担的规则。
对公民的影响
街头官僚的执行也很重要。
常见问题
- 简单来说？
- 无用又费时的规则程序。
- 所有规则都是吗？
- 不是，只指不达目的的规则。
来源核查日期：2026-10-26
参考文献
- Merton, R. K. (1940). Bureaucratic structure and personality. Social Forces, 18(4), 560–568. 阐述目标置换的经典论文。
- Kaufman, H. (1977). Red tape: Its origins, uses, and abuses. Brookings Institution. 认为繁文缛节源于公平与问责要求的著作。
- Bozeman, B. (1993). A theory of government "red tape". Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 3(3), 273–303. 将繁文缛节定义为无效且有负担的规则的论文。
- Bozeman, B. (2000). Bureaucracy and red tape. Prentice Hall. 区分官僚制与繁文缛节的教材。
- Pandey, S. K., & Kingsley, G. A. (2000). Examining red tape in public and private organizations: Alternative explanations from a social psychological model. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 10(4), 779–800. 比较公私组织认知的论文。
- Pandey, S. K., & Scott, P. G. (2002). Red tape: A review and assessment of concepts and measures. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 12(4), 553–580. 综述概念与测量的论文。
- Moynihan, D. P., & Herd, P. (2010). Red tape and democracy: How rules affect citizenship rights. The American Review of Public Administration, 40(6), 654–670. 讨论规则如何影响公民权利的论文。