CARIN五项标准
与归因理论相关。
心理起源
进化形成的启发式。
政治含义
常见问题
- 简单来说是什么？
- 判断谁值得帮助的标准。
- 为何重要？
- 左右福利支持。
来源核查日期：2026-10-26
参考文献
- van Oorschot, W. (2000). Who should get what, and why? On deservingness criteria and the conditionality of solidarity among the public. Policy & Politics, 28(1), 33–48. 提出CARIN五项标准的原典，适合了解应得判断框架。
- van Oorschot, W. (2006). Making the difference in social Europe: Deservingness perceptions among citizens of European welfare states. Journal of European Social Policy, 16(1), 23–42. 比较欧洲各国应得排序的研究，适合了解普遍性排序。
- Petersen, M. B. (2012). Social welfare as small-scale help: Evolutionary psychology and the deservingness heuristic. American Journal of Political Science, 56(1), 1–16. 以进化心理学解释应得判断的论文，适合了解判断的心理起源。
- Petersen, M. B., Slothuus, R., Stubager, R., & Togeby, L. (2011). Deservingness versus values in public opinion on welfare: The automaticity of the deservingness heuristic. European Journal of Political Research, 50(1), 24–52. 以实验显示应得线索强于价值观的论文，适合了解判断的自动性。
- Gilens, M. (1999). Why Americans hate welfare: Race, media, and the politics of antipoverty policy. University of Chicago Press. 认为种族刻板印象加剧福利反感的著作，适合了解媒体与种族的作用。
- Cook, F. L. (1979). Who should be helped? Public support for social services. Sage. 早期分析公众判断援助对象标准的著作，适合了解理论起源。
- van Oorschot, W., Roosma, F., Meuleman, B., & Reeskens, T. (Eds.). (2017). The social legitimacy of targeted welfare: Attitudes to welfare deservingness. Edward Elgar. 汇集应得研究最新成果的编著，适合了解研究动向。