概念
象征性女性问题。
原因
包括统计性歧视。
政策
性别配额。
常见问题
- 简单来说？
- 隐形的晋升障碍。
- 玻璃悬崖？
- 危机中任用女性。
来源核查日期：2026-10-26
参考文献
- Kanter, R. M. (1977). Men and women of the corporation. Basic Books. 分析组织结构的经典。
- Cotter, D. A., Hermsen, J. M., Ovadia, S., & Vanneman, R. (2001). The glass ceiling effect. Social Forces, 80(2), 655–681. 提出实证标准。
- Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573–598. 角色不一致理论。
- Ryan, M. K., & Haslam, S. A. (2005). The glass cliff: Evidence that women are over-represented in precarious leadership positions. British Journal of Management, 16(2), 81–90. 玻璃悬崖。
- Arulampalam, W., Booth, A. L., & Bryan, M. L. (2007). Is there a glass ceiling over Europe? Exploring the gender pay gap across the wage distribution. ILR Review, 60(2), 163–186. 高端工资差距。
- Blau, F. D., & Kahn, L. M. (2017). The gender wage gap: Extent, trends, and explanations. Journal of Economic Literature, 55(3), 789–865. 全面综述。
- Bertrand, M., Black, S. E., Jensen, S., & Lleras-Muney, A. (2019). Breaking the glass ceiling? The effect of board quotas on female labour market outcomes in Norway. The Review of Economic Studies, 86(1), 191–239. 董事会配额效果。