概述
按绩效付费的就业服务中只帮易就业者、搁置困难者的副作用。
发展
与工作福利相关。
评价
有实证与批评。
常见问题
- 撇脂与搁置是什么？
- 按绩效付费的就业服务中只帮易就业者、搁置困难者的副作用。
- 为何重要？
- 有助于理解社会。
来源核查日期：2026-10-26
参考文献
- Carter, E., & Whitworth, A. (2015). Creaming and parking in quasi-marketised welfare-to-work schemes: Designed out of or designed in to the UK Work Programme? Journal of Social Policy, 44(2), 277–296. 分析英国工作计划中两现象是否内嵌于设计。
- Koning, P., & Heinrich, C. J. (2013). Cream-skimming, parking and other intended and unintended effects of high-powered, performance-based contracts. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 32(3), 461–483. 以荷兰绩效合同数据实证其效应。
- Heckman, J. J., Heinrich, C., & Smith, J. (2002). The performance of performance standards. Journal of Human Resources, 37(4), 778–811. 显示绩效指标可能偏离真实效果。
- Rees, J., Whitworth, A., & Carter, E. (2014). Support for all in the UK Work Programme? Differential payments, same old problem. Social Policy & Administration, 48(2), 221–239. 发现差别支付未能阻止搁置。
- Considine, M., Lewis, J. M., & O'Sullivan, S. (2011). Quasi-markets and service delivery flexibility following a decade of employment assistance reform in Australia. Journal of Social Policy, 40(4), 811–833. 分析澳大利亚就业服务准市场十年。
- Le Grand, J. (2003). Motivation, agency, and public policy: Of knights and knaves, pawns and queens. Oxford University Press. 讨论提供者动机，准市场理论背景。
- Bartlett, W., & Le Grand, J. (Eds.). (1993). Quasi-markets and social policy. Macmillan. 首次系统化准市场与撇脂风险的合集。